<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brooks, D. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">O'Grady, R. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">E.O. Wiley III</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Measure of the Information Content of Phylogenetic Trees and Its Use as an Optimality Criterion</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Systematic Zoology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biophysics - Biocybernetics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Computational Biology Evolution and Adaptation General Life Studies Models and Simulations 00504</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evolution 04500</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">General biology - Taxonomy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mathematical biology and statistical methods 10515</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nomenclature and terminology 01500</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1986</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">571-581</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The D measure is presented as a quantification of historical constraints in phylogenetic data. It is derived from information-theoretic considerations, and offers increased resolution of the criteria used in parsimony analyses. Thus, it can be used as an optimality measure in phylogenetic studies. The D measure is more sensitive to the evolutionary nature (symplesiomorphy, synapomorphy, autapomorphy) of characters on trees than two commonly used phylogenetic optimality measures: the consistency index; and the F-ratio. The consistency index does not distinguish between shared and unique characters on a tree. The F-ratio is affected by factors relevant to undirected, rather than directed, trees. Neither the D measure nor the F-ratio are biased a priori towards choosing postulates of reversal or parallelism in equal-length trees. Neither the D means nor the F-ratio always indicate the shortest tree when used alone. The D measure can be used to choose among equal-length shortest trees that have been produced by standard parsimony techniques.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Article</style></notes></record></records></xml>