| Abstract | Ophidium brevibarbe Cuvier is shown to be the oldest valid name for a common and wide-ranging species of Lepophidium, of which Ophidium graellsi Poey is a junior synonym and Lepophidium profundorum auctorum is a common misattribution. Leptophidium profundorum Gill, type species both of Leptophidium (preoccupied) and of Lepophidium, its replacement name, is a senior synonym of L. cervinum (Goode and Bean), a common species in shelf waters along the eastern seaboard of the United States and southeastern Canada.
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